HISTORY FORM FOUR SYLLABUS.

HISTORY SYLLABUS FORM I – IV

Objectives of Teaching History at Secondary School level
The aim of teaching history at secondary school level is to promote understanding of the events, conditions and factors that shaped the past, the present condition of the world and of Africa in particular. This course looks at the origins and development of Africa's present condition. It looks at how African societies were formed, how they grew, factors which influenced their development as well as prob­lems experienced and how they were solved. Thus it provides a link between the past, present and the future.
Specifically the objectives of this course are:
To develop a comprehensive understanding and deeper apprecia­tion of how, before colonial invasion, societies in East Africa and the rest of Africa were able to control and master their environ­ment and make cultural, economic, technological and political advancement so that learners can achieve a sense of confidence and understand their responsibility and role in human develop­ment.
To enable the learners to know how, at various stages in history, societies in East Africa have been subjected to foreign intrusion, colonial domination, economic exploitation and cultural subjuga­tion.

So that they may clearly understand the historical roots of the problems of development in East Africa and Africa.

To make learners understand the various efforts and strategies made by African countries in the struggle for liberation against colonialism and neo-colonialism so that they can appreciate the need for African co-operation and unity, and participate actively in the efforts to bring about social, economic and political develop­ment.

To develop pupils' basic mental skills, inquiring mind, perception, imagination, reasoning and judgment so that they become useful and productive members of the Tanzanian society.

To equip learners with basic tools of analysis and interpretation so that they can understand Tanzanian politicians, African's position and contribution in world development in order to become better Tanzanian citizens committed to building our young nation and developing co-operation among all nations of the world.
Choice and Use of Instructional and Study Materials
It is the duty of the class teacher to ensure that only books which meet the requirements of this course are procured for use by pupils under his or her charge and care.

There will be periodic issuance of lists of approved and recom­mended books by Ministry of Education and Culture. Nevertheless, the learners, teachers and parents will be free to choose other books and textual material for reference at home or in school and public libraries. Teachers will also be expected to guide and advise learners on how best to use books and other textual materials provided by the school, available in the market, in the class, school or community libraries.

Methods of Teaching and Learning
There are generally two methods of teaching history. These are the transmission method and the inquiry method. While the first method emphasizes teaching by lecturing, the second method challenges students to discover knowledge themselves. This method calls upon the teachers to involve pupils in activities, which will enable them to collect, analyze and synthesize historical information from various sources. Such activities or techniques include discus­sion, field experiences, projects, library research and written and oral reports.

To avoid turning History into mere rote memorization of fact and, dates and therefore making the subject boring and dull, teachers should try as much as possible to use the inquiry methods which will give to pupils opportunities to examine, investigate, and explore the subject content.

Guest speakers and visits to historical sites and libraries can greatly add life to history courses.

Assessment of students' Progress and Performance
Teachers should be well versed in the process of assessing their pupils' progress and Performance. It is hoped that teachers will use various methods to assess their pupils at the end of each theme in order to determine how much and how well the pupils have learned and to what extent the specific objectives have been attained. At the end of the fourth year pupils will sit for the National Certificate of Secondary Education Examination. Pupils who have successfully  completed this syllabus should be able to do well in the CSEE.

Instructional Time
There will be set history periods for this course per week. The teacher is required to use each allocated period to promote pupil learning. For any lost period, for whatever reason, the teacher  will be required to arrange with the school administration how to make good such lost teaching and learning time.

TOPIC FORM IV

A.     SOCIO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS BEFORE COLONIAL RULE

1.  Levels of Economic Development
-     Modes of production
-     Impact of the slave trade and its abolition
-     Impact of the discovery of minerals in South Africa
-     Impact of European in North Africa

2. Political Changes due to Slave Trade and its Abolition

B.     ESTABLISHMENT OF  COLONIAL RULE

1. The process of scramble and Partition
-    Increasing European rivalry
-    Role of chartered companies
-    The Berlin West Africa conference
-    Post-Berlin treaties between imperialist powers.

2. Colonial  Political Control and African Reaction

3. Setting up Administrative Systems
-    Indirect  rule ( in British colonies)
-    Direct rule  and Assimilation (in French and Portuguese colonies)
-    Direct and military administration (in German and Belgian colonies)

C.     COLONIAL ECONOMY AND SOCIAL SERVICES

1.Colonial Economy 
-      Agriculture
-      Mining and labour reserves in Southern Africa
-      Industry and Trade
-      Transport and Communication

2.Colonial Social Services and Culture
-     Education
-     Health water and Housing
-     Culture

3.Crises in the Capitalist System and their Impact on Colonial Economy and Social Services
-     The first World War
-     The Great Depression
-     The Second World War

D.    NATIONALISM AND DECOLONIZATION

1.Early Protest movements
-     Social and Welfare Associations
-     Religious protest movements
-     Economistic movements

2. The rise of Nationalism
-   Political parties
-   Pan Africanism
-   Rise of  U.S.A.
-   Rise of the Socialist Bloc
-   Armed struggle
-   Independence of India and Burma
-   Soldiers returning from the Second World War

E.     INDEPENCE AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Conditions under which Independence was granted

2. Changes in Political, Ideological and Administrative systems
-     The one party state
-     African socialism
-     Manpower development and administration

3. Economic Development Policies and Strategies
-     Agriculture
-     Industry and trade
-     Transport and communication
-     Rural  development policies

4. Social Services
-     Education
-     Culture
-     Health, housing and water programmes

5. Establishment of National Military Forces
-     Objectives of national military forces
-     Establishment and maintanance of
6.  Problems of Development
-     Neo-Colonialism
-     Apartheid
-     Political Instability
-     Under development

F.      AFRICA IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

1. African Cooperation
-   The O.A.U.
-   Regional organizations
-   Support for Liberation movements

2. Africa in International Organisations and movement
-   The UNO
-   The Commonwealth and French  Community
-   The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
-   African and the European Economic Community (EEC)
-   Africa and the middle East Question