Monday, September 9, 2019

MBINU ZA KUJIBU MASWALI : UCHAMBUZI NA UHAKIKI :USHAIRI, RIWAYA / HADITHI NA TAMTILIYA-----KIDATO CHA 3 & 4

Wanafunzi na watahiniwa wanapopata swali katika mitihani wanajukumu kubwa la kulielewa kablaya kulijibu.

Endapo mtahiniwa atakuwa anajibu swali lolote bila kulielewa matokeo yake ni hasara; atashindwa mitihani! Kushindwa si lengo la mtahiniwa yeyote yule. Ili kukwepa hilo, mtahiniwa lazima awe makini.
Mara nyingi maswali yanayoulizwa kwa watahiniwa ni yale yanayozingatia mkondo maalum. Mtahiniwa anaweza kuambiwa aanzishe, abainishe, ajadili, aeleze, alinganishe, ajadili, aeleze, alinganishe, afafanue, aonyeshe, atofautishe na kadhalika. Tunadokeza mbinu kadhaa ambazo ni za msingi katika kujibu maswali ya mtihani. 

· Maswali ya Kujadili
Kujadili ni kuhoji, kuuliza au kusaili. Suala la kujadili linahusu pande mbili. Kwa nini jambo limetokea? Kwa kawaida hutolewa kauli fulani ambayo mwanafunzi anatakiwa akubali au akatae; au yote kwa pamoja. Ni muhimu kuelewa yafuatayo:
· Swali linataka nini hasa?
· Je, kuna mambo chanya?
· Je, kuna mambo hasi? Yepi ambayo yanatakiwa kutajwa?

· Maswali ya Kulinganisha
Kulinganisha kunahitaji mambo makuu mawili. Mambo haya ni
(a) Yale yanayoeleza kufanana kwa vipengele vilivyo katika vitu tofauti na
(b) Kutofautiana kwa mambo katika vitu hivyo viwili. Baada ya kulinganisha kama swali linavyotaka, hatua nyingine muhimu ni kuangalia ufanisi wa kazi zote/vitu vyote viwili.

Maswali yanatakiwa yajibiwe kwa kufuata mtindo wa insha. Kila kipengele kinachojadiliwa kinatakiwa kihusishwe katika vitabu vyote ambavyo  vinahusishwa katika   swali.

UHAKIKI WA RIWAYA YA WASIFU WA SITI BINTI SAAD-----Na Shaaban Robert

KUHUSU SHAABAN ROBERT / ABOUT SHAABAN ROBERT

Shaaban Robert is to the Swahili language what Shakespeare was to English. Acclaimed as the national poet, his publications have always been the touchstone of beauty of language, purity of spirit, and deep wisdom informed by African and Swahili culture in particular, but imbued with respect for and understanding of other cultures. Most prominent of his work is Kusadikika (To be believed), an allegorical work of an imaginary country or state in which injustices are perpetrated against all notions of justice, law and humanity. Published at the height of colonial occupation in Tanzania.

Shaaban Robert kwa lugha ya Kiswahili ni sawa na Shakespeare kwa lugha ya Kiingereza. Akikubalika kama mshairi wa taifa, vitabu vyake daima vimekuwa kipimo cha juu cha uhondo wa lugha, usafi wa nia na hekima kutokana na utamaduni hususan wa Kiafrika na Waswahili lakini pia kwa jnsi alivyoelewa na kusheshimu tamadui nyingine. Katika vitabu vyake Kusadikika ndicho maarufu kushinda vyote. Hii ni hadithi ya kiistara juu ya nchi ambako dhuluma inatawala kinyume na haki, sheria na utu. Kitabu kilichapishwa wakati ukoloni umetanda nchini Tanzania.

WASIFU WA SITI BINTI SAAD-----RIWAYA / HADITHI-----BY SHAABAN ROBERT

Siti binti Saad alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza Zanzibar kusimama jukwaani na kuimba nyimbo za taarab. Katika kitabu hiki, Shaaban Robert anaelezea juu ya maisha ya umaskini na hali ya chini aliyoishi msanii huyu, katika jamii ya Zanzibar iliyokitwa na tabaka za kijamii miaka ya kwanza ya karne ya ishirini. Licha ya kuwa sura yake ati haikuwa nzuri, alifikia hali ya juu ya nyota wa uimbaji wa taarabu akapendwa na wapenda taarabu si Zanzibar tu na Afrika ya Mashariki, lakini pia alipendwa hadi Misri na India. Kwa wapenzi wa taarab bado ni malkia, sawa na alivyokuwa Om Kulthum wa Misri. 
 Siti binti Saad was the first woman Taarab singer in Zanzibar. In this book Shaaban Robert looks at the background of the singer: poverty and low birth, in a society riven by class and race in early 20th century Zanzibar. Despite her so-called bad looks, she became a star whose voice was recognised and loved by many, not only in Zanzibar and East Africa, but as far as Egypt and India. She was and remains to taarab lovers, the equivalent of Egypt’s Om Kulthoum.