GEOGRAPHY FORM TWO---QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

GEOGRAPHY   FORM  TWO-- - QUESTIONS  WITH   ANSWERS

                       SECTION  B { 30 MARKS }

         Answer  TWO  questions  from  section  B.

{Q .1}. What  are  the  problems  facing  natural  gas  exploitation  in  Tanzania ? {2013 }.

ANSWER:  The   problems  facing  natural   gas   exploitation  in  Tanzania  are :--                                                                                                                          {a}. There  is   low  technology  among  the  Tanzanians  that  can   be  used   in  exploiting   natural  gas  at  SONGOSONGO  Island   along  the coast  of   the  INDIAN   OCEAN.

{b}.Low    capital  to  be   invested  since  Tanzania  is  one  of  the   poor  countries.

{c}.Poor  transport   infrastructure  that   could  facilitate  the  exploitationof  natural   gas.

{d}.The  use   of   other  available  sources  of  energy  likes  HEP  and   forest  delayed   full  extraction   of  the  natural  gas  from  SONGOSONGO.

{Q.2}. Describe  the   factors  to  be  considered  when  establishing  a  manufacturing  industry.{2013}.

ANSWER: The factors   to  be  considered  when  establishing  a   manufacturing  industry  are :--.

{a}.Raw  material  availability.

{b}.Fuel  and  power  availability.

{c}.Availability  of  Labour/Human  resource.

{d}.Availability   of  Capital.

{e}.Availability   of  Market.

{f}.Availability  of  transport  and  communication.

{g}.Government  policies/Influence  of  government.

{h}.Government  stability.

{i}. Industrial  inertia  and  historical  factors.

{Q .3}.Explain  the   ways  that  our   country  can   use  to  reduce  the   use  of  wood  fuel. {2013}

ANSWER:-The  ways  that   our   country  can  use   to   reduce  the   use  of  wood  fuel are :--

{a}.Formulating  policies  that  restrict  excessive   fire  wood  extraction{b}.Encouraging  the  control  of  population  since this  also  creates  more  demand  for   energy. {c}.People   should  be  encouraged  to  plant  as  many  trees  as  possible  in  order  to  counteract  the  problem  of  fuel  wood  crisis. {d}. Educating  the   local  people  on the  economical  use  of  energy  resources, such  as  the  use  of  modern  stoves  that  use  very  small  amount  of  fuel  wood.  {e}. Encouraging  the   use  of   other {alternative}energy  sources  like   solar  energy, hydroelectric  power, natural  gas,  biogas  and  kerosene.The   prices  for the  alternative   energy  sources  should  be  very   low  in  order  that  the  majority  of  Tanzanianas  can  afford.
 

{Q. 4}.  What    are  the  different   uses  of   water ?{2013}.

ANSWER:-

{a}. Used  in  the  production  of  hydro-electric  power      { H.E.P}

{b}.Water  can  be  used  for  domestic  purposes  such   as   cooling , bathing, washing  clothes  and  utensils.

{c}. Water  is  a    home  of  many  animals   for  example  fish.

{d}.Irrigation , running  and  cooling  systems  in  industries.

{e}.Very  important  in  navigation  for  transportation  of  goods  and  people.

{f}.Also  water  is  used   for  entertainments  for  example  swimming.

{Q.5}.Briefly  explain  problems  facing  RUFIJI  BASIN  DEVELOPMENT  AUTHORITY { RUBADA }.{2013}                                                                                          ANSWER: The  problems  facing  RUBADA  are  :---

{a}. The basin  has  a  large  fertile  land  which  has  not  fully  been  developed  for  agricultural  activities  due  to  lack  of  capital.

{b}.The  area  suffers  from  frequent  floods, which  affect  the   people  and  property  e.g.  RUFIJI  floods of  1969.

{c}.RUFIJI   basin  has  been   suffering from   poor  transport  and  communication  before  the  construction  of  MKAPA  BRIDGE.

{d}. Shortage  of    labour   due   to  Rural—Urban  migration  especially  to  those   areas  near   Dar—es—salaam.

DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH

In this section, We are going to see How the conversion of Direct to Indirect Speech and Indirect to Direct Speech is done?

We may report the words of a speaker in two ways.

1. Direct Speech

We may quote the actual words of the speaker. This method is called Direct Speech.

2. Indirect Speech

We may report what he said without quoting his exact words. This method is called Indirect Speech or Reported Speech.

Example:

• Direct: Clinton said, “I am very busy now.”
• Indirect: Clinton said that he was very busy then.

• Direct : He said, “ my mother is writing letter.”
• Indirect: He said that his mother was writing letter.

How to change Direct to Indirect Speech?

It will be noticed that in Direct Speech, we use inverted commas to mark off the exact words of the speaker. In Indirect Speech we do not use the inverted commas.

It will be further noticed that in changing the above Direct Speech into Indirect speech, certain changes have been made.

Thus:

i. We have used the conjunction ‘that’ before the Indirect Statement.

ii. The pronoun “I” is changed to “HE”. (The Pronoun is changed in Person)

iii. The verb “am” is changed to “was”.

iv. The adverb “now” is changed to “then”.

Rules for changing Direct into Indirect Speech:

A. When the reporting or principal verb is in the Past Tense, all the Present Tenses in the Direct Speech are changed into Past Tense.

a. A simple present tense becomes simple past tense.

Example:

• Direct : He said, “I am unwell.”
• Indirect: He said that he was unwell.

b. A present continuous tense becomes a past continuous.

Example:

• Direct : He said, “ my mother is writing letter.”
• Indirect: He said that his mother was writing letter.

c. A present perfect becomes a past perfect:

Are you clear about the conversion of Direct to Indirect Speech?

Example:

• Direct: He said, “I have passed the examination.”
• Indirect: he said that he had passed the examination.

d. As a rule the simple past tense in the Direct Speech becomes the past perfect tense in Indirect Speech.

Example:

• Direct: He said, “His horse died in the night.”
• Indirect: he said that his horse had died in the night.

NOTE:

The shall of the future is changed into should.
The will of the future is changed into would.
The can and may of the future are changed into could and might respectively.

Are you clear about the conversion of Direct to Indirect Speech?

MBINU ZA KUSOMA NA KUFAULU MITIHANI

MBINU    ZA    KUSOMA     NA  KUFAULU      MITIHANI

NIni   Cha  Kufanya  Mwanafunzi  ?

{}.  Weka  lengo maalumu  la   kusoma  kila  siku  na  litimize.

{}.Uwe  na  ratiba   yako   binafsi  ya  kujisomea  nyumbani  na  ifuate. Hakikisha   ukiwa    nyumbani  una   ratiba  ya  kujisomea  na  wala  sio  unpokuwa  shuleni  tu.

{}. Jisomee  katika    muda   unaodhani   unafaa  zaidi.

{}.Tenga    muda  wa  kutosha  kwa  kila  somo.

{}.Yapende  masomo  yako  na  tena   uyafurahie.

{}. Jenga  tabia  ya  kuyaombea   masomo  yako  kila    siku   na  kila  mara.

{}.Uwe  na   muda  mwingi  wa  kujisomea  kila   siku, usipoteze  muda   kwa  mambo  yasiyo   ya  lazima  kama   vile  maongezi,mizaha,utani.

{}.Penda   kuukomboa  wakati ,tambua  muda  ukipita  haurudi   tena.   EFESO  5:15—17.

{}. Waheshimu  wale  wote   wanaokulea  na   kukuhudumia.

{}.Uwe  na  mahali   maalumu  pa  kusomea.

{}.Hakikisha  mahali  pa kusomea , pana    mwanga   wa  kutosha.

{}.Tafuta   mahali  pasipo  na  kelele  za  aina   yoyote.

{}. Jenga   tabia  ya   kufanya   mazoezi  ya   mwili   kama   vile  kucheza  mpira, kuruka  kamba n.k.

{}. Usifanye  mambo  mengi  kwa  wakati  mmoja. Kwa   mfano, mapenzi  au  anasa  za   kimwili  wakati  ungali  mwanafunzi. Hivyo  ni   vikwazo  masomoni.

{}.Ni  vizuri  kujihusisha  na  watu   wengine ,  jambo  hili  litakufariji  kimawazo.

{}. Fanya   bidii  sana   katika    kusoma   ni  lazima UTAFAULU.  MITHALI  10:4.

NINI    CHA   KUFANYA  UNAPOKUWA  SHULENI / CHUONI/DARASANI   ?

{}.Ipende  shule  unayosoma au  chuo  unachosoma,hata  kama  watu  wengine   wanasema  maneno  mabaya  kuhusu  shule  yako.

{}. Soma  kazi  zako  zote  za  darasani  kabla  ya  kuanza   darasa.

{}.Fika  darasani   kwa  wakati   unaotakiwa  ili   usikose  maagizo.

{}.Usikose   kipindi   bila    sababu   maalumu.

{}.Wasilisha   kazi  za   darasani kwa  wakati   wake.

{}.Epuka  kukaa  kimya   na   nyuma  ya  darasa,bali  shiriki  katika  mazungumzo  ya  darasani  na   wenzako.

{}.Usiwe  mtu  wa   kukaa  tu  darasani , uliza  na   jibu   maswali  yanapoulizwa.

{}.Wakati    mwalimu  hajafika  darasani , pitia  yale  uliyojifunza   kipindi  kilichopita.

{}. Msikilize   mwalimu  anapokuwa    anafundisha  darasani.

{}.Baada  ya   kipindi, pitia     yale   uliyojifunza.

{}.Jijengee  tabia   njema  ya  kujizuia  katika    tamaa  za  mwili.

{}.  Jenga  uhusiano  mzuri  kwa    walimu  wako  na   kwa  wanafunzi  wenzako.  Ukiwa  na   amani  moyoni, utasoma  na   kuelewa.  Jistahi  na   kuwapenda  walimu  wako.  Ukimpenda  mwalimu    utaliewa  vizuri  somo   lake. Wapende  walimu    wanaokufundisha.Tambua  ukimchukia  mwalimu  na   somo  analokufundisha  lazima  utalichukia  tu.

{}.Hudhuria  shughuli     zote  za   shule  nje  ya  darasani.

{}.Unapokuwa   na    matatizo  kimasomo, mwone  mwalimu  anayehusika.

{}.Jiandae   kwa  mitihani  kila  wakati ,  usingoje   mwalimu  atangaze  kuwa  ataleta   mitihani  ndipo   usome.

{}.Epuka  kuwaonea  WIVU   na   kujilinganisha  na   wengine  kimasomo, bali, jifunze  tu  siri  za   mafanikio  yao.

{}. Jenga  tabia   ya    uvumilivu  na   kamwe   usikate  tama  wakati  ugumu  unapoibuka   masomoni.

{}. Jenga  tabia  ya   kupania   kufaulu  katika   masomo  yako.

{}. Amini   kuwa   utafaulu.

{}. Amini   na   wewe  unaweza   KUFAULU, hata  kama  mazingira  uliyonayo  ni  magumu. Mfano   U—mtoto  Yatima ,  huna  ada ,huna  fedha  za  matumizi   “Pocket  Money” , husomi    masomo   ya  ziada  “  TUITION “  unaishi   maisha    magumu n.k.

{}.Chunguza  masomo   yako   ili  ujue  udhaifu  wako  uko  wapi.

{}.Uwe    mwanafunzi   mdadisi  wa    mambo   kwa  walimu   na  hata  kwa    wanafunzi  wenzako  pia.

{}. Epuka   marafiki  wabaya  wenye  nia   ya  kukupotosha.

{}.Kaa  na   wale   wanaoweza  kile  usichokiweza

{}. Ni  vizuri  pia  kuwa  na   mwanafunzi  mwenzio   wa  kujadili  naye.

NINI    CHA   KUFANYA   WAKATI  WA   KUJISOMEA ?

{}.SHETANI   hapendi   ufanikiwe , hivyo  kabla  ya  kuanza kusoma  fanya   SALA.

{}. Epuka  kitu  chochote  kinachoweza  kukufanya  usisome  vizuri.Hakikisha   unapoanza  kusoma   umekaa  mahali  ambapo   pana  utulivu  na  hupati   usumbufu  usio  na   sababu  za    msingi,

{}.Kabla   hujaanza   kujisomea, hakikisha  kuwa  zana  zote   muhimu  kwa    kusomea  zipo, mfano  vitabu , kalamu n.k.

{}. Ni  vizuri  ukiwa  unasoma  uwe  na  SAA , hii  itakusaidia  kuelewa   muda  halisi   uliosoma.

{}. Wakati   wa   kusoma  hakikisha  unakuwa  na  daftari  jingine ambalo   utakuwa  unaandika   mambo   usiyoyafahamu  vizuri .

{}. Epuka    kusoma  hadi   usiku  sana ,  utaharibu  afya    yako .

{}. Usisome   mambo    mengi  kwa  wakati  mmoja.

{}. Epuka    kusoma    ukiwa   umejilaza  kitandani.

{}.Uwe   na   muda    wa   kumpuzika   kila  unapochoka  kusoma.

{}. Epuka   pombe , uvutaji  wa    sigara ,bangi  na  madawa   ya  kulevya. Huharibu  ubongo   na    kudhoofisha  afya.

{}.Kila   nafasi    unayoipata   itumie  kwa   kusoma.

{}. Usiendekeze   usingizi  katika    muda  wako  wa   kujisomea.

{}. Soma   vitabu  mbalimbali  vinavyohusiana  na   hicho   unachokisoma.

KABLA  YA   MTIHANI /BEFORE  THE   EXAMINATION .

{}.Kabla ya  mtihani ,soma  kwa  bidii  sana  usingoje  mtihani  umekaribia  ndipo   usome.

{}.Soma   kwa   mpangilio   kila  siku  ili  kujiandaa  kikamilifu  kwa  mtihani.

{}. Usitumie   vilevi  vinavyopelekea   mtu  kupunguza  uwezo  wake  wa  kufikiri. Mfano   bangi , bia , sigara ,unga  wa  kulevya.

SIKU   YA   MTIHANI / DURING   THE   EXAMINATION.

{}.Usiku   unaofuatiwa  na    siku   ya   mtihani  uwe   na   muda   wa  kutosha  wa  kulala.  Usisome  hadi   usiku  wa   manane.

{}. Siku  ya   mtihani, usifikirie  kushindwa  bali  uwe  na   imani  kuwa   utashinda.  Ondoa  wasiwasi  na   mashaka.

{}.Wahi  kwenye  chumba  cha   mtihani   kwani  kuchelewa   huleta   hofu.

{}.Chukua  vifaa  vyote    muhimu  katika  mtihani  kama   vile  kalamu ,penseli  na   rula.

NDANI   YA  CHUMBA    CHA    MTIHANI

{}.Soma  maagizo /maelekezo ya  mtihani  kwa  uangalifu  sana ,na   hakikisha  uko  makini  kwa  kile   unachotakiwa   kufanya  kabla  ya  kujibu  swali   lolote.

{}.Kabla  hujaanza   kujibu  maswalli ,angalia    maswali    ambayo  ni  rahisi  kwako    kujibu.

{}. Jibu  maswali  rahisi  kwanza  na  kwa  haraka   ili  upate  muda  wa  kutosha   kujibu   maswali    magumu.

{}. Usijibu   swali   bila   kuelewa   linataka  nini.?  Jibu  utakalojibu   litakuwa   tofauti   na    swali.

{}.Usiwe    na   haraka  ya    kumaliza  mtihani  kutakufanya  usijibu  kwa  makini.

ARTICLES " a , an and the " PATTERNS AND VOCABULARY---ENGLISH LANGUAGE O-LEVEL.

ARTICLES " a ,   an  and  the"

The 3 articles in English are a, an and the. The learner has to decide noun-by-noun which one of the articles to use*. In fact, there are 4 choices to make, because sometimes no article is necessary. Native-speakers, of course, use the articles correctly without thinking. English learners, on the other hand, need to have some guidelines for making the right choice - particularly those learners whose own language does not have articles, such as Japanese or Korean. The guidelines that follow here should help ESL students to a basic understanding of English article use.
The most important first step in choosing the correct article is to categorize the noun as count or uncount**:
- A count noun is a noun that can have a number in front of it: 1 teacher, 3 books, 76 trombones, 1,000,000 people.
- An uncount noun is a noun that cannot have a number put in front of it: 1 water, 2 lucks, 10 airs, 21 oils, 39 informations. Once you have correctly categorized the noun (using your dictionary if necessary), the following "rules" apply:
Uncount nouns

• You cannot say a/an with an uncount noun.
• You cannot put a number in front of an uncount noun. (You cannot make an uncount noun plural.)
• You use an uncount noun with no article if you mean that thing in general.
• You use the with an uncount noun when you are talking about a particular example of that thing.

Count nouns

• You can put a number in front of a count noun. (You can make a count noun plural.)
• You can put both a/an and the in front of a count noun.
• You must put an article** in front of a singular count noun.
• You use a plural count noun with no article if you mean all or any of that thing.
• You usually use a/an with a count noun the first time you say or write that noun.
• You use the with count nouns:
  • the second and subsequent times you use the noun in a piece of speech or writing
  • when the listener knows what you are referring to (maybe because there is only one of that thing)
• You use an (not a) when the next word (adverb, adjective, noun) starts with a vowel sound.

Note:

• The above rules apply whether there is or there is not an adjective in front of the noun.
• Some nouns can be either count or uncount, depending on the context and meaning:
• Do you have paper? I want to draw a picture. (uncount = a sheet of paper)
• Can you get me a paper when you’re at the shop? (count = a newspaper)
• Uncount nouns are often preceded by phrases such as: a lot of .. (luck), a piece of .. (cake), a bottle of .. (milk), a grain of .. (rice).
  
* Instead of an article, the noun can also be preceded by a determiner such as this, that, some, many or my, his, our, etc.

---

Following are some of the most important guidelines listed above, with example sentences:

1. You use an uncount noun with no article if you mean all or any of that thing.	I need help! I don't eat cheese. Do you like music?
2. You use the with an uncount noun when you are talking about a particular example of that thing.	Thanks for the help you gave me yesterday. I didn't eat the cheese. It was green! Did you like the music they played at the dance?
3. You usually use a/an with a count noun the first time you say or write that noun.	Can I borrow a pencil, please? There's a cat in the garden! Do you have an mp3 player?
4. You use the with count nouns the second and subsequent times you use the noun, or when the listener already knows what you are referring to (maybe because there is only one of that thing).	Where's the pencil I lent you yesterday? I think the cat belongs to the new neighbours. I dropped the mp3 player and it broke. Please shut the door!
5. You use a plural count noun with no article if you mean all or any of that thing.	I don't like dogs. Do they have children? I don't need questions. Give me answers!
6. The above rules apply whether there is or there is not an adjective in front of the noun.	I don't eat German cheese. Can I borrow a red pencil, please? There's an extremely large cat in the garden! I don't like small, noisy children.