HISTORY FORM FIVE SYLLABUS.

HISTORY SYLLABUS FORM v

OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING HISTORY AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL

At this level History seeks to promote understand of the events, conditions and factors   which shaped the past and continue to shape the present conditions in the world and in Africa particular. It looks at how African societies were formed, how they grew, changed and were influenced. It looks at the problems encountered and how they were solved. It provides the link between the past, the present the future.

Specifically the objectives of teaching History are:

1. To develop a comprehensive understanding and deeper appreciation of how, before colonial invasion, societies in Africa were able to control and master their environment and make cultural, economic, technological and political advancement so that students can achieve a sense of confidence and understand their responsibility and in human development.

2. To enable students to know how and why, at various stages in History, societies in East Africa have been subjected to foreign intrusion and colonial domination and cultural humiliation so that they may clearly understand the historical roots of the problems of development in East Africa and Africa as a whole.

3. To enable the students understand the efforts and strategies used by the Africans in the struggle for liberation from colonialism and neo-colonialism so that they can appreciate the need for African cooperation and unity and participate actively in the national endeavour to bring about to bring about social, economic and political development.

4. To develop students’ basic mental skills, promote inquiry, perception, imagination, reasoning and judgement so that they become useful and productive members of the Tanzanian society.

5. To equip students with basic tools of analysis and interpretation of Tanzania’s and Africa’s   policies and contribution in world development so that they become better Tanzanian citizens committed to building the nation and promoting co-operation among African nations as well as among all  other  nations  of  the world.

Objectives of teaching History in Forms five and Six

The objectives of teaching History in Forms Five and Six are the following:

1. To develop deeper and broader understanding of Africa’s developmental problems and efforts made to overcome them.
2. To increase students’ interest in historical research and desire for historical evidence.
3. To increase students’ ability in the analysis, evaluation and solution of social problems.
4. To prepare students for higher education.
5. To enable students to study a relatively short historical period in depth through a thematic approach.
6. To stimulate and encourage students’ pride in the African heritage so that they may face their challenges with confidence.

The National Examination Council of Tanzania makes the final assessment. Students who have been taught well and completed the syllabus should be able to do well in their final exams.

For the advanced level there are eight History periods per week. The teacher is required to use each period properly. If any period is lost for whatever reason the teacher must consult the school administration to recover the lost period.

Requirements for the Student:
Although this syllabus consists of three sections, students are required to take two papers in the following arrangement:

1. Section One is compulsory for both school and private candidates
2. Sections Two and Three are optional. Therefore, if a candidate studies section two, he  or she should not study section three, and vice versa.
3. At the end of Form Six the candidate will be examine in the two sections studied as specific above in  1 & 2. The average of scores in the two sections will determine the candidate’s award.     

Instructional Materials and Methods of Teaching and learning 

There is no textbook for teaching history at this level.

However the topics and objectives specified for each topic or sub-topic will guide the teacher to select and use appropriate books. The subject teacher should ensure that students procure only books with relevant topics for use. The teacher should also point out specific topics, which students should read in order to make notes for themselves. He/She should also guide and advise students on how best to use books and other materials provided by the school or available in the market or libraries.

In teaching history at the Advanced Level, the teacher should use both the transmission and inquiry method. In the first method the teacher will have to lecture especially when dealing with a topic, which is entirely new to students. In the second method the teachers will guide students to discover knowledge for themselves by collecting, analyzing and synthesizing historical information from various sources, especially books. The students should engage in activities such as discussion, library research, debates and reading various papers and reports.

 Students Assessment and Teaching Time.
Teachers have to assess their students’ progress and performance. This should be done at the end of each topic or theme to determine how much the students have learned or whether what was taught has been understood. Assessment will also enable the teacher to determine the extent to which the specific objectives have been attained. At this level the teacher should concentrate on students’ ability to analyze and discuss issue in a logical manner. Deep analysis, logical thinking and writing have to be given first priority.

SECTIONS IN THE HISTORY  SYLLABUS FOR FORMS FIVE AND SIX

The syllabus consists of three sections. 

Section One: Origins and Development of Modern African States 

The objectives of this section of the syllabus are to enable the student to:

1. Analyse Africa’s social, political and economic development in the pre-colonial era.
2. Explain the process and strategies used in establishing colonial rule in Africa.
3. Assess the impact of major capitalist crises on colonial social services.
4. Analyses the objectives and implementation of colonial social services.
5. Explain the structure and functions of the colonial bureaucracy.
6. Analyse the effects of the Second World War on metropolitan economies and measures taken to revamp them.
7. Explain the development of nationalist and struggle for independence.

SECTION TWO: AFRICA IN WORLD HISTORY UP TO 1945.

The objectives of this section of the syllabus are to enable the student to:

1. Compare and  contrast social  and economic systems in Africa and Europe by 15^th Century  A.D.
2. Analyse factors which led to  the rise of capitalism in Europe.
3. Assess the social, political and economic impact of the industrial revolution in Europe.
4. Assess the impact of the industrial revolution on Africa.
5. Assess African’s contribution to the development of Europe and North America.
6. Explain the relationship between monopoly capitalism and colonialism.
7. Explain the origins of major capitalist crises and assess their impact on Africa.
8. Account for the rise and development of the socialist theory and assess its impact on Africa.
9. Explain the presence of Black people in the Americas and Caribbean and assess their influence on African social and political development.

SECTION THREE: MAJOR ISSUES IN WORLD HISTORY SINCE 1945.

The objectives of this section of the syllabus are to enable the student to: 

1. Explain the rise of the USA as the leading capitalist power
2. Analyse the various manifestations of new imperialism
3. Explain the factors, which led to the emergence of the USSR as a world power from the 1940’s.
4. Evaluate the impact of the USSR on international political and economic issues
5. Explain the factors which led to the rise of the People’s Republic of China
6. Assess the impact of the People’ Republic of China on international and economics issues.
7. Explain the emergence and practice of socialism in other Third World countries.
8. Account for the emergence of the Third World.
9. Explain the problem of neo-colonialism and analyse its various manifestations.

 PAPER I

ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN AFRICAN STATES

1.      PRE-COLONIAL SOCIAL FORMATIONS
a.     Political Organizations
b.     Education and culture
c.     Impact of external contacts on  precolonial social formations

2.      ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIALISM
a.  Development of capitalism
b.  Scramble and Partition
c.  The techniques of establishing colonial rule.
d.  The establishment of a colonial economy
e.  African reaction to the establishment of colonial rule 

3.      THE COLONIAL ECONOMY UP TO 1945
a.   Impact of capitalist crises on colonial economic policies
b.   Agriculture
c.   Industry
d.   Trade
e.   Financial institutions
f.    Colonial Labour

4.      COLONIAL SOCIAL SERVICES UP TO 1945
a.       Colonial education and culture
b.      Water health and housing 

5.      COLONIAL BUREAUCRACY UP TO 1945
a.       Administration
b.      Colonial military 

6.      IMPACT OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR
a.       Changes in colonial agriculture
b.      Changes in industrial policies
c.       Changes in Colonial trade
d.      Changes in colonial labour
e.       Changes in Transport and Communication
f.        Changes in social services

7.      NATIONALISM AND THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE
a.  Background to the rise of African Nationalism
b.  The impact of the Second World War and subsequent changes
c.  The role of Pan-Africanism
d.  Impact of the Bandung Conference
e.  Impact of the independence of India and Burma
f.  Political movements
g.  Hindrance to the struggle for independence 

8.      POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SINCE INDEPENDENCE
a.       Political development independent African states
b.      Economic development in independent African states. 

PAPER II

AFRICA WORLD HISTORY UP TO 1945

1.      AFRICA AND EUROPE IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY
a.       Modes of  production
b.      Systems of exhange
c.       Political systems
d.      Science and technology 

2.      THE RISE OF CAPITALISM IN EUROPE
a.       Factors leading to the transition from  Feudalism to capitalism
b.      The Industrial Revolution ( 1750 – 1850 )
c.       Africa and the development of North America and Europe

3.      IMPERIALISM AND THE COLONIZATION OF AFRICA
a.       Transition from competitive  to monopoly capitalism
b.      The question of European nationalism and military alliances
c.       The scramble for and colonization in Africa 

4.      AFRICA AND THE CRISES IN CAPITALISM
a.    The first World War
b.    The great Depression
c.     Fascism
d.    The second World War
e.     Decline of British capitalism and the ascendancy  of U.S. capitalism 

5.      AFRICA AND RISE OF SOCIALISM
a.   Development of socialist theory
b.   The Russian  Revolution and the role of peasants and workers

6.    BLACK PEOPLE IN THE NEW WORLD
a.  Legacy of slavery and slave trade
b.  Black solidarity and the back to Africa Movement
c.  The Civil Rights Movement

PAPER III

MAJOR ISSUES IN WORLD HISTORY SINCE 1945

1.      NEW IMPERIALISM AND THE DOMINANCE  OF  THE U.S.A.
a.    U.S.A. and Europe
b.    The role of USA in the World War
c.    The postdam Agreement of 1945
d.    Changes in the US economy since 1945
e.    US aid programme to Europe (Marshall Plan)
f.     The US and Japan
g.    The role of multinational corporations
h.    Changes in European economies since 1945
i.     The USA as the guardian of New Imperialism

2.      CONSOLIDATION OF SOCIALISM
a.       The emergency of USSR as a Socialist World Power
b.      The USSR and the Eastern Bloc
c.       The USSR internal affairs from 1945 to the late 1980’s
d.      Relations between the USSR, Western Europe and USA from
       1945 to the late 1980’s
e.       The China Societ relations (or Sino Soviet relations )
f.        USSR’s  relations with the Third World from 1945 to late 1980’s
 

3.      THE CRISIS OF SOCIALISM AS A WORLD WIDE SYSTEM FROM LATE 1980’S
a.   Political and economic factors
b.   Emergence of  ‘Perestroika’ and ‘glasnost’
c.   Disintegration  and collapse of the communism states in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
d.   Impact of the crisis of socialism on East-West relations
e.   Impact of the crisis of socialism on the third World

4.      THE RISE OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF  CHINA
a.    Background to the Chinese Revolution of 1949
b.    Political and economic development in China since 1949

5.      SOCIALISM IN OTHER THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES
a.       Development of socialism in North Korea and  North Vietnam
b.      Development of socialism in Cuba and Nicaragua
c.       Development of  Socialism Mozambique, Angola and Ethiopia, in the 1970’s and 1980
d.      Development of Socialism in other African nations  ( up to 1990)

6.      THE THIRD WORLD.
a.       Emergency of the Third World
b.      The problems of political and economic integration.
c.       Organization for cooperation
d.      The problems of Unity 

7.      NEO-COLONIALISM  AND THE PROBLEM OF UNDER DEVELOPMENT
a.      Characteristics of underdevelopment

8.      INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 
a.    The United nations Organization (UNO)
b.    The Commonwealth of nations and  the French Community
c.    The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

9.      WORLD PEACE
a.   The arms race and disarmament
b.   The Cold War
c.  Apartheid and Zionism