WATER MANAGEMENT
FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BY. MWL. JAPHET MASATU.
---Importance of
water.
---River
Basin Development.
---Land Reclamation.
---Sustainable use
of water resources.
--Water Pollution.
SECTION A -----MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS.
{1}.The main purpose of
kilombero irrigation scheme
was:-
{A}.Sugar cane
irrigation. {B}.Water for
domestic use. {C}. Water
for industrial use. {D}. Cotton irrigation.
{2}. Kilombero
irrigation scheme is
situated at :--
{A}.Great Ruaha
river. {B}.Kilombero
river.{C}.Dar—es—salaam.
{D}.Tributary
of Rufiji.
{3}.Tennesse river is
a tributary of :--
{A}.Akosombo
river. {B}. Ohio river
in U.S.A.
{C}.Congo
basin. {D}. Zambezi river.
{4}. H.E.P.
is an abbreviation
of the following
terms :--
{A}.High Elevation
Project.
{B}.Hydro—Electric
Power.
{C}.Highly
Evolved Project.
{D}.Hydro-Electic
Project.
{5}. A major problem
facing river basin
development projects is :-
{A}. Silting. {B}.Floods. {C}.Diseases. {D}. Land
fragmentation.
{6}.River development
project can be
defined as:--
A.Construction
of dams for controlling floods.
B.Water
management for economic
development.
C.River
basin development project.
D.Schemes
of water supply
for various purposes.
{7}.Examples
of river development
projects in Tanzania
include :--
A.Galole scheme, Rufiji basin , Gezira scheme.
B.Kilombero
basin, Kagera river basin
and Rufiji basin.
C. Volta
river, Akosombo and Orange river
Project.
D. Ganges ,
Mtera dam , A mazon and Galole
scheme.
{8}.The river
basin development project
is a multipurpose
scheme because it is
:-- A. Aimed at
achieving many goals.
B. Aimed at
irrigation. C. Aimed
at power supply.
D. Aimed at hydro electric powe
supply.
{9}.Below are
some economic importance
of river development
project except :----
{A}.Provides water for
domestic life. {B}.Improvement
of irrigation. {C}.Control
floods.{D}.Deforestation.
{10}. Which among
the alternatives is
a problem facing
Tennessee River Valley
Authority { TRVA} scheme ? A.
Diseases. B.Siltation. C. Floods. D. Land fragmentation.
{11}.One of
the following is not
a process in
river basin development :--
A. Drying
water sources. B.
Dredging of rivers.
C. Widening of rivers
channels. D. Construction of
the dams.
{12}.All the
following are the
challenges / disadvantages
of river basin
development project except ?
A. Unreliable rainfall. B.Excessive
evaporation. C.Water
pollution. D. A lot
of capital is
required.
{13}.
One among the
following is not
associated with aims
of river basin development ;-- A. Improve
soil fertility. B.
Control floods. C. Control
soil erosion. D. Improve
navigation.
SECTION B ------- SHORT ANSWER
QUESTIONS
{1}. What
do you understand
by the term
water management ?
ANSWER:- Water management
refers to the
skillful or wise
use and control
of water resource.
{2}. Mention five
different sources of
water.
ANSWER:- {a}.
Underground water , for
example wells and springs.
{b}.Fresh water , for example
rain water.
{c}.Surface water , for example
rivers ,lakes, sea and oceans.
{3}.Briefly explain
five uses of
water.
ANSWER:- {i}.
Irrigation, running and cooling
systems in industries.
{ii}.Used
in the production
of hydro—electric power{HEP}.
{iii}.Water
is a home
of many animals , for
example fish.
{iv}.Also
water is used for
entertainments, for example swimming.
{v}.Water
can be used
for domestic purposes
such as cooling, bathing, washing
clothes and utensils.
{vi}.Very important
in navigation for
transportation of goods
and people.
{4}.{a}. What is a
river basin development
project ?
ANSWER:- A
River Basin Development
Project is a
scheme established for
various aims such
as irrigation schemes ,
water supply in the
industries, flood control ,
settlement ,etc Examples of river
development projects are Volta
river projects in
Ghana at Akosombo
dam, Rufiji Basin
Development, Tennessee Valley
Project in the
USA, Indus in
Pakistan and Ganges
project in India.
4 .{b}. Explain the
economic importance of
Rufiji River Basin
Development Project.
ANSWER:-
{i}.
The basin contributes
to H.E.P. generation
from Kihansi Hydro
Electric Station.
{ii}.Fishing
activities in River
Rufiji is very
important among the
local inhabitants.
{iii}.Lumbering
and log trading
also take place
involving local people.
{iv}.The
valley attracts tourists
due to the
presence of a
variety of vegetation, delta, ox—bow lake ,
and animals , for example
birds.
{v}.The
basin is very
fertile for agricultural
activities for boosting
up the economy.
{vi}.The
area has a
large valley with
conducive climatic conditions , high rainfall
and temperatures which
allow a variety
of crops to
be grown, for example
rice.
5.{a}. What
are the benefits
of the Tennessee
River Valley Project ?
ANSWER:- {i}. Dams provide
H.E.P. for both
industrial and domestic
uses.
{ii}.Tourism
activities have increased
in the valley.
{iii}.Fishing
industry has improved
as a result
of increased fishing
activities.
{iv}.Improved
navigation due to
control of floods
{v}.Control
of floods through
the dams.
{vi}.A
number of industries
have been built
in a valley
as a result
of cheap source
of power ,for example
copper smelting, iron and steel, textile industries
e.t.c.
{Vii}.The
T.R.V.A has managed
to educate farmers
to prevent soil
erosion by practicing
better methods of
farming such as –crop
rotation, --terracing, --using
soil and environmental
conservation techniques.
5.b. What
are the problems
facing Tennessee River Valley
Authority ?
ANSWER:-{i}. Displacement of
some individuals within
the area.
{ii}.Degradation
of soil in
case of poor
irrigation.
{iii}.Loss
of some species
which may lead
to negative effects
on equity in
case of compensation
due to loss
or injuries.
6.{a}. Define the
term land reclamation.
ANSWER:- Land reclamation refers to
the process of
turning the waste
or poor land
into a useful
state. That is made suitable for
growing crops, keeping of
animals , settlement and industrial
development.
OR Land reclamation refers
to the practices
of recovering of
land that has
been wasted and
making it useful.
{b}. What
are the aims
of land reclamation.
ANSWER:-
{a}.To control tsetse
flies.
{b}.Land
reclamation is done
for industrial and
residential purposes, for example
many parts in
Dar—es—salaam which were
marshy areas like
Msasani and Kunduchi.
{c}.Land
reclamation is also essential
for agricultural activities, a good
example in the
world is the
Zuider Zee Land
Reclamation Scheme in
Holland.
{d}.Land
may be reclaimed
for social activities
by planting trees
which will attract
and modify climate.
6. C. Name the three
main methods of
land reclamation in
Tanzania.
ANSWER:- {i}.
Planting of trees{afforestation} .
{ii}.Draining
water from marshy
or bog lands
by constructing embankments.
{iv}.Planting
grass cover to check
erosion.
{v} Dam construction
for irrigation purposes.
7. {a}.What do
you understand by
the term water
resources ?
ANSWER:- Water resources
are the types
of resources which
are found in
water.
{b}.Mention at
least four types
of water resources.
ANSWER:-- {i}. Fish.
{ii}.Oil. {iii}.Salt. {iv}.Building
materials.
{c}. Briefly explain
the methods used
to extract water
resources.
ANSWER:- {i}. FISHING METHOD:--Is a
common method used
in every country
to obtain fish.Is
done using traditional
methods as well
as modern methods.
{ii}. FISH
FARMING METHOD:-Fish can
be farmed in
the same way
as crops and
harvested.
{iii}.EXTRACTION
METHOD AND EVAPORATION :- Salt can
be obtained by
extraction, good example Uvinza
in Kigoma while
along the coast
of Indian Ocean
salt has been
obtained through evaporation, a good
example is in
Bagamoyo.
{iv}.DISTILLATION METHOD:- This
method could assist
to obtain pure
water for drinking
and other uses
from the ocean
water.
{v}.QUARRYING METHOD:-Building materials
from the sea
are usually obtained
through quarrying method.Tanzania is
one of the
countries which obtains
quarry building materials
along the Indian
coast in areas
like Kunduchi.
7. {d}.
What are the problems
caused by extraction
of water resources ?
ANSWER:- {i}.
Poisonous fishing has resulted
into some fish
species to disappear.{ii}.Polluted water affects
marine animals such
as fish and
plantations.
{iii}.Pollution
of marine water
is one of
the serius problems
the World is
facing as a
result of poor
and bad methods
of exploiting water
resources.
{iv}.Poor
methods of quarrying
building materials has
led to further
erosion off shores
and destruction of
fish breeding areas.
{v}.Excessive
exploitation of marine
life not only
leads to loss
of life but
also reduces amounts
of fish and
cuts down breeding
capacity.
{vi}. Apart
from affecting the
life of fish,
pollution of water
may damage thenear
shore marine environment.
8.{a}.Briefly explain
what is water
pollution.
ANSWER:- Water pollution
is an additional
of unwanted materials
in water which
makes it harmful
to human ,animals and
plant use.
{b}.Presicely name
four main sources
of water pollution.
ANSWER:- {i}.
Domestic wastes. {ii}.Industrial wastes. {iii}.Effluents from
industries. {iv}. Massive construction.
{c}.What
are the effects
of water pollution ?
ANSWER:
{i}.
Human beings suffer
from different water
borne diseases as
result of water
pollution such as
dysentery, cholera , and
typhoid fever.
{ii}.Marine
life is endangered
due to poisonous
fishing and some
species may be
eliminated completely.
{iii}.Agricultural production is
affected by water
pollution for example
acid and carbonic
rains in some
regions are as
a result of
water pollution in the
atmosphere.Such rains are
dangerous to human
health and agricultural
activities.
9.{a}. Define the
term water conservation.
ANSWER :- Water
conservation means the
act of protecting
water from destructive
influences. It is the
work of not
only protecting but
also maintaining water
resource.
{b}.How
can people conserve
water ?
ANSWER:--
{i}. Farmers
must avoid cultivating
along the river
banks and near
sources of water.
{ii}.Plants
that retain water
and use little
amount of water
should be planted
near and around
sources of water.
{iii}.People
should avoid cutting
trees in the
sources of water
and catchment areas.
{iv}.Construction
of water reservoirs
to take rain
water , may help to
reduce the risk
of water shortage
during the dry
period.
