GEOGRAPHY FORM TWO
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
WATER MANAGEMENT FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
{1}.
What do
you understand by the term
water management ?
ANSWER:- Water management
refers to the
skillful or wise
use and control
of water resource.
{2}.
Mention five different
sources of water.
ANSWER:- {a}. Underground water
, for example wells and springs.
{b}.Fresh water , for
example rain water.
{c}.Surface water , for
example rivers ,lakes, sea and
oceans.
{3}.Briefly explain
five uses of
water.
ANSWER:- {i}. Irrigation, running and
cooling systems in
industries.
{ii}.Used in
the production of
hydro—electric power{HEP}.
{iii}.Water is
a home of
many animals , for example
fish.
{iv}.Also water
is used for
entertainments, for example swimming.
{v}.Water can
be used for
domestic purposes such
as cooling, bathing, washing
clothes and utensils.
{vi}.Very
important in navigation
for transportation of
goods and people.
{4}.{a}.
What is a river
basin development project ?
ANSWER:-
A River Basin
Development Project is
a scheme established
for various aims
such as irrigation
schemes , water supply in the
industries, flood control , settlement
,etc Examples of river
development projects are Volta
river projects in
Ghana at Akosombo
dam, Rufiji Basin
Development, Tennessee Valley
Project in the
USA, Indus in
Pakistan and Ganges
project in India.
4 .{b}.
Explain the economic
importance of Rufiji
River Basin Development
Project.
ANSWER:-
{i}. The basin
contributes to H.E.P.
generation from Kihansi
Hydro Electric Station.
{ii}.Fishing activities
in River Rufiji
is very important
among the local
inhabitants.
{iii}.Lumbering and
log trading also
take place involving
local people.
{iv}.The valley
attracts tourists due to the
presence of a
variety of vegetation, delta, ox—bow lake ,
and animals , for example
birds.
{v}.The basin
is very fertile
for agricultural activities
for boosting up
the economy.
{vi}.The area
has a large
valley with conducive
climatic conditions , high rainfall
and temperatures which
allow a variety
of crops to
be grown, for example
rice.
5.{a}. What are
the benefits of the Tennessee
River Valley Project ?
ANSWER:- {i}. Dams provide
H.E.P. for both
industrial and domestic
uses.
{ii}.Tourism activities
have increased in
the valley.
{iii}.Fishing industry
has improved as a result
of increased fishing
activities.
{iv}.Improved navigation
due to control
of floods
{v}.Control of
floods through the
dams.
{vi}.A number
of industries have
been built in
a valley as
a result of
cheap source of
power ,for example copper
smelting, iron and steel,
textile industries e.t.c.
5.a.
Benefits of the Tennessee
River Valley Project :--
{Vii}.The T.R.V.A
has managed to
educate farmers to
prevent soil erosion
by practicing better
methods of farming
such as –crop rotation, --terracing, --using soil
and environmental conservation
techniques.
5.b.
What are
the problems facing
Tennessee River Valley Authority ?
ANSWER {i}. Displacement of
some individuals within
the area.
{ii}.Degradation of
soil in case
of poor irrigation.
{iii}.Loss of
some species which
may lead to
negative effects on
equity in case
of compensation due
to loss or
injuries.
6.{a}.
Define the term
land reclamation.
ANSWER:- Land reclamation refers to
the process of
turning the waste
or poor land
into a useful
state. That is made suitable for
growing crops, keeping of
animals , settlement and industrial
development.
OR Land
reclamation refers to
the practices of
recovering of land
that has been
wasted and making
it useful.
{b}.
What are
the aims of
land reclamation.
ANSWER:-
{a}.To control
tsetse flies.
{b}.Land reclamation
is done for
industrial and residential purposes, for example many
parts in Dar—es—salaam which
were marshy areas
like Msasani and
Kunduchi.
{c}.Land reclamation is also
essential for agricultural
activities, a good example
in the world
is the Zuider
Zee Land Reclamation
Scheme in Holland.
{d}.Land may
be reclaimed for
social activities by
planting trees which
will attract and
modify climate.
6. C.
Name the three main methods
of land reclamation
in Tanzania.
ANSWER:-
{i}. Planting of
trees{afforestation} .
{ii}.Draining water
from marshy or bog lands
by constructing embankments.
{iv}.Planting grass cover
to check erosion.
{v} Dam
construction for irrigation
purposes.
7.
{a}.What do you
understand by the
term water resources ?
ANSWER:- Water resources
are the types
of resources which
are found in
water.
{b}.Mention at
least four types
of water resources.
ANSWER:-- {i}. Fish. {ii}.Oil. {iii}.Salt.
{iv}.Building materials.
{c}.
Briefly explain the
methods used to
extract water resources.
ANSWER:-
{i}. FISHING METHOD:--Is a
common method used
in every country
to obtain fish.Is
done using traditional
methods as well
as modern methods.
{ii}. FISH FARMING
METHOD:-Fish can be
farmed in the
same way as
crops and harvested.
{iii}.EXTRACTION METHOD
AND EVAPORATION :- Salt can
be obtained by
extraction, good example Uvinza
in Kigoma while
along the coast
of Indian Ocean
salt has been
obtained through evaporation, a good
example is in
Bagamoyo.
{iv}.DISTILLATION METHOD:- This method
could assist to
obtain pure water
for drinking and
other uses from
the ocean water.
{v}.QUARRYING METHOD:-Building
materials from the
sea are usually
obtained through quarrying
method.Tanzania is one
of the countries
which obtains quarry
building materials along
the Indian coast
in areas like
Kunduchi.
7.
{d}. What are the
problems caused by
extraction of water
resources ?
ANSWER:- {i}. Poisonous fishing
has resulted into some
fish species to
disappear.{ii}.Polluted water
affects marine animals
such as fish
and plantations.
{iii}.Pollution of
marine water is
one of the
serius problems the
World is facing
as a result
of poor and
bad methods of
exploiting water resources.
{iv}.Poor methods
of quarrying building
materials has led to further
erosion off shores
and destruction of
fish breeding areas.
{v}.Excessive exploitation
of marine life
not only leads
to loss of
life but also
reduces amounts of
fish and cuts
down breeding capacity.
{vi}.
Apart from affecting
the life of
fish, pollution of
water may damage
thenear shore marine
environment
8.{a}.Briefly explain
what is water
pollution.
ANSWER:- Water pollution
is an additional
of unwanted materials
in water which
makes it harmful
to human ,animals and
plant use.
{b}.Presicely name
four main sources
of water pollution.
ANSWER:- {i}. Domestic wastes. {ii}.Industrial wastes. {iii}.Effluents from industries. {iv}. Massive construction.
{c}.What are
the effects of
water pollution ?
ANSWER: {i}. Human beings
suffer from different
water borne diseases
as result of
water pollution such
as dysentery, cholera , and typhoid
fever.
{ii}.Marine life
is endangered due to poisonous
fishing and some
species may be
eliminated completely.{iii}.Agricultural production
is affected by
water pollution for
example acid and
carbonic rains in
some regions are
as a result
of water pollution
in the atmosphere.Such rains
are dangerous to
human health and
agricultural activities.
9.{a}.
Define the term
water conservation.
ANSWER :-
Water conservation means
the act of
protecting water from
destructive influences. It is
the work of
not only protecting
but also maintaining
water resource.
{b}.How can
people conserve water ?
ANSWER:--
{i}.
Farmers must avoid
cultivating along the
river banks and
near sources of
water.
{ii}.Plants that
retain water and
use little amount
of water should
be planted near
and around sources
of water.
{iii}.People should
avoid cutting trees
in the sources
of water and
catchment areas.
{iv}.Construction of
water reservoirs to
take rain water , may
help to reduce
the risk of
water shortage during
the dry period.
