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Wednesday, April 30, 2014

BIOLOGY FORM ONE SYLLABUS FORM ONE.

BIOLOGY SYLLABUS FORM I

Biology course objectives
This course is designed to respond to Tanzania's present aspiration to produce more creative scientists by encouraging greater participation in science and technology in all walks of life.

The main objectives of the course are to enables learners to:
Cultivates an understanding and appreciation of the role. Influence and importance of science in everyday life, at work, and in society in general; develop mastery in the fundamental concepts. Principles and skills of Biological Science and use these to best utilize their natural heritage and raise the standard of living;

Apply their knowledge and skills in proper use of and management of the environment;
Analyze the behaviors of people involved in the abuse and misuse of the environment and make informed judgment in as for as making amendments is concerned;
Inculcate in the Tanzania growing youth positive population family life attitudes, values and behaviour to enable him/her contribute effectively to national self-reliance and enhance community and family well-being.
Contribute to the physical, mental, cultural and spiritual development of every family member in a way, which will maximize personal growth and happiness so that helshe will perform his/her roles as a member of the Tanzania society in conformity with society's values and norms.

Prepare themselves for further studies and training in biology and related fields.

Organization of the Syllabus
In designing this syllabus due consideration has been made to both the learner's and the teacher's needs.
The content has been carefully selected and organized so as to promote interest and motivation throughout the course. All topics and sub-topics are blockly organized in a progressive manner such that the acquisition of knowledge and skills is synchronized with the learning level of the leaner. The topics fall under 4 blocks Form I, Form II, Form III and Form IV. Each form has its objectives. In the format of the syllabus are also included instructional objectives for each subtopic.

Choice and Use of Instructional Materials
With the new book production policy, the science book market is seeing more and more up to date science books.

The biology teacher is expected to be well informed about books which best meet the requirements of the syllabus. Teachers will also be expected to use their academic and professional knowledge and skills to guide and advice learners on how best to use books and other non-textual instructional materials available in schools and libraries.

Methods of Teaching and Learning
The syllabus has proposed teaching, learning strategies for each topic. These are just proposals. The teacher of Biology will be free to use any teaching/ learning method considered effective in promoting concept formation, skill development and internalization of knowledge in general. It is worth bearing in mind that it is generally agreed among science schools that using the active methods of instruction learns science better.

Assessment Students Progress and Performance
It is expected that teachers will carry out assessment of their student progress and performance periodically. This is so as to identify their strengths and weaknesses and so as to help the weak and encourage the good one as appropriate. Assessment of student’s progress and performance does also measure the effectiveness of the course and the teaching/learning strategies. At the end of Form IV students are expected to do an overall achievements examination intended to determine the extent to which the objectives of the course have been attained

Instructional Time
The teacher is advised to make maximum use of the located time per week for this subject. Lost instructional time for whatever cause. Should be compensated for through the teacher's own local arrangement with the school administration. It should be remembered that this course of study is designed to be covered in four years at a minimum of 420 minutes duration each.

OBJECTIVES

The Form One Biology Course is aimed at introducing pupils to the concept of Biology as a Science, the fundamentals units of structure and function in organisms, grouping of organisms and safe living. It is therefore expected that at the end of this course pupils should be able to:
1.      Discuss and practise the scientific methods of studying biology
2.      Explain the characteristics of living things.
3.      Describe structure of cells and explain the organization of the body of organisms.
4.      Distinguish organisms in the Kingdoms Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia on the basis of their morphology and physiology.
5.      Discuss and apply various health precautions and give First Aid to victims of some of the common accidents and other health problems.
6.      Explain the cause, symptoms, transmission and prevention of Aids and other communicable diseases.

TOPICS

1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
1.1. Basic concept of Biology
1.2. Scientific processes in Biology
1.3. The Biology Laboratory

2.      CELL STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION
2.2. Cell Differentiation

3.      GROUPING LIVING THINGS
3.1. Viruses
3.2. Kingdoms of Living Things

4.      FIRST AID
4.1. Health and Prevention of Diseases
4.1.1.      Concept of good health
4.1.2.      Concept of disease
4.1.3.      Immunity against disease
4.1.4.      Communicable disease
4.1.5.      Sexual transmitted disease
4.1.6.      Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
4.1.6.1.Responsible Behavior
a.       Lifestyles choices and Consequences
b.      Risk behaviour and situations
c.       Community Resources
d.      Responsible Decision Making
e.       Assertive Behavior
f.        Sexually and self-Protection
g.       Delaying Sex
h.       Protected sex
4.1.6.2. Care and Support for People living with HIV and AIDS      Discrimination and Compassion

BASIC MATHEMATICS FORM ONE ---SYLLABUS.

BASIC MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS FORM 1

Objectives of Teaching Basic Mathematics
The main objectives of teaching Basic Mathematics in Tanzania secondary schools are:
- To promote the development and application of Mathematical skills in intepreting the world and solving practical problems in daily life.
- To provide pupils with mathematical tools and logical thinking which they can apply in understanding better other subjects;
- To develop a foundation of mathematical knowledge, techniques and skills for studying mathematics and related subjects at higher levels of education.

Content Selection and Organization
The mathematics content included in the syllabus is a continuation of that covered at primary school level. The topic, sub-topics objectives, teaching/learning activities and teaching aids have been carefully selected and organized so as to promote the achievement of the objectives of education and those of mathematics. The arrangement of content is spiral to meet the level of understanding of the pupils.

Choice and Use of Instructional and Study Materials
The teacher should do the selection of mathematics instructional and study materials by applying his/her academic and professional knowledge and skills to judge the suitability of the books. The teacher will be expected to guide and advise students on how best to use textbooks and other textual materials available at school or in libraries.

For successful teaching and learning of mathematics, the teacher and pupils will need teaching aids. The teacher should ensure that relevant teaching aids are available and are used effectively. Together with the pupils, he/she should improvise and make possible teaching aids by using locally available resource materials The aids sh6uld be kept in a specific place or room for easy location and sustainable use. It is important that every pupil should posses a set of geometrical instruments to make the learning of geometry-oriented topics easy.

Methods of Teaching and Learning Mathematics
The teacher is advised to use various methods of teaching according to the nature of the topic with the aim of achieving the laid down Objectives. The methods chosen should be geared to student centredness, enquiry and discovery. The teaching and learning activities contained in the syllabus serve as a guide and are not binding. Students should be encouraged to participate actively in discussions, questioning and answering questions, making case studies and visiting areas relevant to mathematics topics. The students can also achieve more from lessons which allow them to make observations and to make analysis of mathematically oriented problems.

Assessment of Student Progress and Performance
It is expected that every mathematics teacher will periodically assess his or her 'students performance in order to identify their strengths and weakness. In this way it will be possible to help the weak and encourage the strong students. Such assignments should be marked regularly and feedback given back to students.

The students should be given homework and tests regularly. These assignments help to indicate and check attainment levels of the students. Also the students exercise books should always be marked and necessary corrections made before the teacher and students can proceed to other topics or subtopics. At the end of Form IV, the students will be expected to do the national examination in mathematics. The continuous assessment, class tests as well as final terminal examinations will help to determine the effectiveness of content, materials, teacher's methods of teaching as well as the extent to which the objectives of teaching mathematics have been achieved.

Instructional time
The number of periods enough for teaching this syllabus per week is as specified by the Ministry of Education and Culture. The teacher is advised to make maximum use of the allocated time. Lost instructional time should always be compensated without fail.

FORM ONE OBJECTIVES

After completing form one, the pupils should be able to:
1.      Perform computations on numbers, fractions, decimals and percentages using basic operations.
2.      Make conversions and do computations on basic unit;
3.      Use approximations in solving simple problems
4.      Construct and draw geometrical figures, measure lengths and angles and find the angles of a polygon,
5.      Use the basic algebraic operations in solving equations and inequalities in one or two unknowns;
6.      Represent and interpret data by using pictograms, bar charts, line graphs and pie charts,
7.      Draw graphs o linear equations of a line and determine a solution of simultaneous equation graphically;
8.      Find area of a simple geometrical figures;
9.      Find volume of a simple geometrical figures;
10. Compute ratios, profit and loss, simple interest, discount and apply them in relevant fields.

TOPICS

1.NUMBERS
      1.1. Base ten numeration
      1.2. Natural and whole numbers
      1.3. Integers

2. FRACTIONS, DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES.
2.1. Fractions
2.2. Decimals
2.3. Percentage

3. UNITS
3.3. Length
3.4. Mass
3.5. Time

4. APPROXIMATIONS
4.1. Approximations
4.2. Significant figures
4.3. Decimal places

5. GEOMETRY
     5.1.Points and lines
     5.2. Angles
     5.3.    Polygons and Regions
     5.4.    Circles
     5.5.    Three Dimensional figures

6. ALGEBRA
6.1.Algebraic operations
6.2. Equations in one unknown.
6.3. Equations in two unknowns
6.4. Inequalities

7. STATISTICS
7.1.Graphs pictogram , bar chart, line graphs, tables and pie charts

8. COORDINATE GEOMETRY
8.1. Coordinates of a point
8.2. Gradient (slope) of a line
8.3. Equation of a line
8.4. Graphical solutions of linear simultaneous
8.5. equations

9. RATIO PROFIT AND LOSS
9.1.Ratio
9.2.Profit and Loss
9.3. Simple Interest

10. REAL NUMBERS
10.1. Rational numbers
10.2. Irrational numbers
10.3. Real numbers

11.PERTIMETERS AREAS
11.1.Perimeters of triangles and quadrilaterals
11.2.Circumference of a circle
11.3.Areas of triangles quadrilaterals and circles
11.4.Surface areas of circular cylinders, prisms, cones and spheres

12.VOLUMES
12.1.Volumes of cubes and cylinders
12.2. Volumes of pyramids cones and spheres

BOOK----KEEPING FORM 1---SYLLABUS.

BOOK-KEEPING FORM 1 - SYLLABUS
GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF
TEACHING BOOK-KEEPING-FORM I

At the end of this course, the student should be able to:

Define and explain the subject matter of Book-keeping and what Book-Keeping is about
Distinguish the various Book-keeping systems concerning financial matters and records

Use the terminology of accounts with clarify for the purpose of effective communication in and control of business

Differentiate the following concepts:
Book keeping
Government Accounting and Auditing
Give five reasons and importance of keeping books of accounts for individuals, companies and state.

CONTENT SELECTION AND ORGANIZATION

Syllabus topics will be covered form wise.

Thus, form I will cover Topics 1-7, Form II Topics 8-11 , Form III, Topics 12-20 and Form IV, Topics 21-27.

METHODS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING

As book keeping should assess student progress and achievement to:
-         Identity students strength and weakness and that help the weak and encourage the good ones.
-         Evaluate the effectiveness of the methods and teaching styles used, and hence
-         Alert the teacher the need to improve/replace/augment methods and styles

INSTRUCTIONAL TIME:
This syllabus is to be covered in two academic years each one having approximately nine teaching months.

TOPICS - FORM 1

FORM II

BOOKS OF PRIME ENTRY
PETTY CASH AND SYSTEM ( COLUMNAL PETTY CASH BOOK)
BANK RECONCILIATION STATEMENT
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING TERMINOLOGY

a. Sources of government funds and expenditure estimates

GENERAL JOURNAL
CORRECTION OF ERRORS
ADJUSTMENT

General
Capital expenditure and Revenue / Expenditure
Depreciation
Disposal of Fixed Assets
Bad Debts

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

General
Balance Sheet (Classified)

MANUFACTURING ACCOUNT
CONTROL ACCOUNT
INCOMPLETE RECORDS
ACCOUNTS OF NON PROFIT MAKING ORGANISATIONS
GOVERNMENT BUDGETING PROCEDURE
BILLS OF EXCHANGE
JOINT VENTURES
CONSIGNMENT
PARTNERSHIPS
DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF GOVERNMENT FINANCE
ELEMENTS OF AUDITING

HISTORY SYLLABUS FORM I --- IV.

HISTORY SYLLABUS FORM I – IV

Objectives of Teaching History at Secondary School level
The aim of teaching history at secondary school level is to promote understanding of the events, conditions and factors that shaped the past, the present condition of the world and of Africa in particular. This course looks at the origins and development of Africa's present condition. It looks at how African societies were formed, how they grew, factors which influenced their development as well as problems experienced and how they were solved. Thus it provides a link between the past, present and the future.

Specifically the objectives of this course are:
To develop a comprehensive understanding and deeper appreciation of how, before colonial invasion, societies in East Africa and the rest of Africa were able to control and master their environment and make cultural, economic, technological and political advancement so that learners can achieve a sense of confidence and understand their responsibility and role in human development.
To enable the learners to know how, at various stages in history, societies in East Africa have been subjected to foreign intrusion, colonial domination, economic exploitation and cultural subjugation.

So that they may clearly understand the historical roots of the problems of development in East Africa and Africa.

To make learners understand the various efforts and strategies made by African countries in the struggle for liberation against colonialism and neo-colonialism so that they can appreciate the need for African co-operation and unity, and participate actively in the efforts to bring about social, economic and political development.

To develop pupils' basic mental skills, inquiring mind, perception, imagination, reasoning and judgment so that they become useful and productive members of the Tanzanian society.

To equip learners with basic tools of analysis and interpretation so that they can understand Tanzanian politicians, African's position and contribution in world development in order to become better Tanzanian citizens committed to building our young nation and developing co-operation among all nations of the world.

Choice and Use of Instructional and Study Materials
It is the duty of the class teacher to ensure that only books which meet the requirements of this course are procured for use by pupils under his or her charge and care.

There will be periodic issuance of lists of approved and recommended books by Ministry of Education and Culture. Nevertheless, the learners, teachers and parents will be free to choose other books and textual material for reference at home or in school and public libraries. Teachers will also be expected to guide and advise learners on how best to use books and other textual materials provided by the school, available in the market, in the class, school or community libraries.

Methods of Teaching and Learning
There are generally two methods of teaching history. These are the transmission method and the inquiry method. While the first method emphasizes teaching by lecturing, the second method challenges students to discover knowledge themselves. This method calls upon the teachers to involve pupils in activities, which will enable them to collect, analyze and synthesize historical information from various sources. Such activities or techniques include discussion, field experiences, projects, library research and written and oral reports.

To avoid turning History into mere rote memorization of fact and, dates and therefore making the subject boring and dull, teachers should try as much as possible to use the inquiry methods which will give to pupils opportunities to examine, investigate, and explore the subject content.

Guest speakers and visits to historical sites and libraries can greatly add life to history courses.

Assessment of students' Progress and Performance
Teachers should be well versed in the process of assessing their pupils' progress and Performance. It is hoped that teachers will use various methods to assess their pupils at the end of each theme in order to determine how much and how well the pupils have learned and to what extent the specific objectives have been attained. At the end of the fourth year pupils will sit for the National Certificate of Secondary Education Examination. Pupils who have successfully completed this syllabus should be able to do well in the CSEE.

Instructional Time
There will be set history periods for this course per week. The teacher is required to use each allocated period to promote pupil learning. For any lost period, for whatever reason, the teacher will be required to arrange with the school administration how to make good such lost teaching and learning time.

TOPICS FORM I

A.     THE PEOPLE OF EAST AFRICA AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT
1.1. Sources of History
-    Oral traditions
-    Historical sites
-    Written records
-    Archives
-    Museums
-    Archaelogy

2.ENVIRONMENT, TECHNOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF MAN.
2.1.    Evolution of man
2.2.    Early Stone Age (Old Stone Age)
2.3.    Middle Stone Age
2.4.    The Late Stone Age (New Stone Age)
2.5.    Iron Age

3.DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS ACTIVITIES
3.1.    Agriculture
3.2.    Handicraft Industries and Minning
3.3.    Local trade

4.DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL SYSTEMS
4.1.    Kinship or clan organization
4.2.    Age-Set system
4.3.    Ntemiship Kingship

B. EXTERNAL CONTACTS THROUGH INDIAN OCEAN

1. IMPACT FROM THE EAST
1.1. Rise of coastal city states
1.2. Evolution of Kiswahili

2.IMPACT FROM EUROPE
2.1. Portuguese expansion in Africa and Asia
2.2. Portuguese infrusion along East African Coast

Oman Arab domination.
a. Motives of the coming of Oman Arabs to East Africa
b. Impact of Oman Domination in East Africa

C. EAST AFRICAN PEOPLES AND THEIR NEIGHBOURS BY THE 1850’s

a.Interaction through trade
b.With Southern Africa ( Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe)
c. With Central Africa (Rwanda, Burundi, Congo, Zaire and Angola)
d. With North and North East Africa ( Egypt, Sudan and the Horn of Africa)
e. The coming of the Ngoni

D. PRELUDE TO COLONIALISM IN EAST AFRICA

ENGLISH LANGUGE SYLLABUS FOR FORM ONE.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE SYLLABUS FOR FORM I

Objectives and Target Learners for this Course
The objectives of teaching/learning English at secondary school level are to enable the learner to
· Read widely for pleasure and for information;
· Perform a variety of writing tasks according to the required conventions;
· Use ones knowledge of English to demonstrate awareness and consciousness of basics of society and the part one can play in its development;
· Use ones knowledge of English in furthering ones education; · Communicate effectively with other speakers of English both inside and outside the country.

Content Selection and Organisation
The themes, topics and notes under each topic in this syllabus have been very carefully selected and organized so at to promote achievement of the objectives of education and those of this syllabus. The syllabus replaces the 1979 English syllabus for secondary schools.

Choice and Use of Instructional and Study Materials
There will be a periodic issuance of lists of approved and recommended books for use in schools. Nevertheless, the learners, teachers and parents may be free to choose other books and textual material for reference at home or in school and public libraries. Teachers will also be expected to guide and advise learners on how best to use books and other textual materials provided by the school or available in the market or in the class, school or community libraries.

Methods of Teaching and Learning
The teacher of English will be free to use any teaching method considered effective in promoting learning. It is however, worthy for the teacher to note that all professional and experienced teachers agree that language material presented in a coherent, systematic and comprehensive manner, language items being learned in small assailable units and learners being given an opportunity to practice using the language in meaningful situations makes language learning successful. Aids like real objects, pictures, drawings,, photos, tables and charts should be used to make the meaning of new language items clear. Opportunity for the learner to practice a new language items in a variety of contexts and recycling it in later lessons is essential. None of the four languages skills; i.e listening, speaking, reading and writing should be trivialized in a language programme or lesson.

Assessment of Student Progress and Perfomance
It is normal practice for teachers to assess students' progress and performance on continuous bases. It is expected that every teacher will periodically assess his or her students in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses and so help the weak and encourage the good ones as appropriate. Assessment of students' progress and achievement does not only measure students' progress but also the effectiveness of the course the teacher's methods and teaching styles.

At the end of Form Four the students are expected to do an overall achievement examination intended to determine the extent to which the objectives of the course have been attained. It is also on the basis of this examination that selection for further studies is made.

FORM ONE

A.    STRUCTURE
Objectives of the course
By the end of Form I, the student should be able to:
1.      Speak English with acceptable pronounciation.
2.      Express one appropriately and with correct grammatical constructions.
3.      Write controlled composition e.g. friendly letters and cards.
4.      Read simple readers and explain their content.
5.      Respond appropriately to spoken English in different situations. 1.      TYPES OF SENTENCES
2.      CLASSIFICATION OF WORDS
3.      THE PRESENT TENSE
4.      THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE
5.      THE FUTURE TIME
6.      MODAL AUXILIARIES
7.      COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
8.      PREPOSITIONS

B.   LISTENING
1.      SOUND DISCRIMINATION
2.      AURAL COMPREHENSION

C: SPEAKING
1.   SOUNDS
2.   INTONATION AND TONE
3.   STRESS
4.   AURAL COMPREHENSION

GEOGRAPHY FORM ONE SYLLABUS.

GEOGRAPHY FORM 1- SYLLABUS

The Geography Subject Objectives are to:
1 Develop a learnerawareness of this country as his/her heritage.
2. Develop awareness of the extent of their land that can be developed to raise the standard of living of people.
3. Develop understanding of the constraints both social and geographical in the way of development and to suggest ways of overcoming them.
4. Develop methods of observation, measuring, recording and interpretation of phenomena.
5. Enable students to understand interaction between their country and other countries and appreciate the way world problems are related.
6. Enable students acquire the skills for combating environmental problems for the environmental conservation and management.

Selection and Organisation of the Content :
(a). This syllabus has been centred on the content, which addresses the objectives and requirements not only of the 0-level geography but also of the major goals of education in the country.

(b). The selection of the content has deliberately avoided the traditional tendency of opting for treating the subject on topical basis. Instead the materials in this syllabus are intended to impart skills, which are relevant to Tanzanian situation that fit learners. Hence the content has been treated thematically. This approach enables the learner to link the general knowledge and experiences from other places to realities in Tanzania.
More than any other subject in the curriculum, the geography skills, are intended to prepare pupils who will be rich in constructive attitudes towards environment, understanding its problems, possible solutions; and therefore getting involved in providing actual social and economic development of the country.

(c). Furthermore, the preparation of this syllabus did under-score the fact that it is not the knowing all geographical facts of a country which will help in building up of such skills into pupils but that it is only certain type of knowledge that can be employed by learners as tools to change their environment for better life.

(d). Therefore, while at form one for instance, pupils are exposed to study general geography and some practical skills; the subject is focused to the study of human activities essential for survival through interacting with the environment at form two levels.
This study dwells on the skills on the earth science, climate and soils and statistics in form three. On top of this, skills in geographical map, photographs and statistics are taught at this level.

Choice and use of instructional materials:
The subject teacher is expected to be well informed about the content of the syllabus. The teacher should constantly seek information from different sources and use the teaching/learning strategies suggested in the syllabus. The choice of teaching learning aids promoted should be a guide to an effective teaching and learning environment. No school or department will ever be self sufficient in instructional materials. This suggests the need to keep in touch with other schools, institutions or departments for exchange of these materials.

Some of the following teaching/learning aids:

-      -    Maps
-   Pictures
-   Samples/actual things
-   Environment/sites
-   Sketch maps
-   Diagrams
-   Photographs
-   Globe
-   Graphs
-    Tables

-      -     weather station and components
-    soil test kit
-     water test kit
-     electronic and some print media
-     acquaria
-     charts
-     models
-     torch
-      planetarium

These resources can be also sought from the community, resource persons, mobilizes, informants or geographical Sites.

Students Assessment
In order to achieve the goals, the pupils need to be assessed every now and then. This should be done continuously as planned and organized by the teacher on a regular basis. At the end of From IV, students will sit for a national examination aimed at measuring the overall achievement. For a successful performance in this examination, it is strongly advised that both the teacher and students should cover all the topics of this syllabus.

These evaluation undertakings will determine the extent to which the four year secondary education enabled pupils to acquire fundamental concepts, principles and skills in Geography and how they will apply them in solving the present and future problems at individual and national levels.

Distribution of Instructional' Time
Four periods of 40 minutes each are proposed per week to cover this syllabus.

TOPIC FORM 1

1. CONCEPT OF GEOGRAPHY
a. The Solar System
b. The Sun
c. The Planets
d. Other bodies in the Solar system
e. The Earth
f. Earth movements
    i.   Rotation’s evidences
   ii.Revolution seasons, and length of day and night
g.      Location of positions on the Earths surface
h.      Calculate time differences
i.        International Date Line

2. The Structure of the Earth
3. Major Features of the Earth’s Surface
4. Weather and Climate
a.      Definition of weather
b.      Weather
    i. Elements of Weather temperature, rainfall, wind, air pressure and humidity
    ii. Weather station and instruments used for measuring the elements of weather

c. Climate
i. Temperature

d. Natural Regions
    i.    The Warm Temperature regions.
    ii. Cool temperature (continental) regions. Sample duty
   iii. Wheat farming in the prairies and sheep raising in the downs of Australia.
    iv. Mountain regions

5. Mapwork
a.      Scale
b.      Symbol
c.      Distance
d.      Location of Position

COMMERCE FORM ONE-----TOPICS.

FORM I

General Objectives of Teaching Commerce

At the end of this course, the student should be able to:
- Describe the basic principles of commerce, which are necessary in modern business environment.
- Apply modern commercial methods eg. Import and export formalities and procedures, distribution methods.
- Differentiate marketing and procurement techniques i.e. pricing discounting, promotion, ordering etc.
- Discuss and analyses contracts, which are cornerstone of exchange and distribution.
- Prepare himself / herself for future specialization.

Instructional Time
This syllabus is to be covered in four academic years each one having approximately nine teaching months. Forms I and II will have 4 periods of 40 minutes each a week. In a year of 38 teaching weeks each class of forms I and II will have a total of 152 periods. Form and IV will have 7 periods of 40 minutes each week. Therefore in a year of 38 teaching weeks each class of Forms III and IV will have a total of 266 periods.

FORM I

1. THE SCOPE OF COMMERCE
2. PRODUCTION

FORM II

3.    THEORY OF DEMAND
4.    THEORY OF SUPPLY
5.    RETAIL TRADE
6.    WHOLESALE TRADE
7.    WARE HOUSING MANAGEMENT
8.    STOCK ADMINISTRATION

FORM III

9. TRANSPORTATION
10. COMMUNICATION
11. MARKETING
12. MONEY
13. BANKING
14. INTERNATIONAL TRADE
15. IMPORT TRADE
16. EXPORT TRADE

FORM IV

17. TAXATION
18. INSURANCE
19. BUSINESS UNITS
20. MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS

AIMS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN TANZANIA.

AIMS OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN TANZANIA

In Tanzania secondary education refers to post primary formal education offered to persons who have successfully completed seven years of primary education. The following are the aims objectives of secondary education:

- To consolidate and broaden the scope of baseline ideas, knowledge, skills and principles acquired and developed at the primary education level.

- To enhance further development and appreciation of national unity, identity, personal integrity, respect for human rights, cultural and moral values, customs, traditions, responsibilities, obligations and readiness to do both mental and manual work;

-To promote lingustic ability and effective use of communication skills in Kiswahili and English

-To provide opportunities for the acquisition of knowledge, skills, appropriate attitudes and understanding in prescribed or selected fields of study

-To prepare students for higher education, vocational technical and professional training;

-To inculcate self confidence and the desire for self-advancement in science and technology, academic and occupation knowledge and skills

- To prepare the students to join the world of work

Monday, April 21, 2014

ILLUSTRATED MATHEMATICS DICTIONARY.

Illustrated Mathematics Dictionary

Easy-to-understand definitions, with illustrations and links to further reading.

Start browsing the definitions using the letters above or below,
or use the Search above.

721 Definitions,
623 Illustrated, 156 Animated

MEASURE ------ BY. MWL. JAPHET MASATU.

Measurement Index

Measurement is finding a number that shows the size or amount of something.

There are two main "Systems of Measurement": Metric and US Standard

Metric

Introduction to the Metric System (with Maggie!)
The Metric System of Measurement
Metric Numbers

US Standard Units

Introduction to US Standard Units (with Maggie!)

We can measure many different things, but most often we measure Length, Area, Volume, Mass and Time.

Length

Area

Volume

Mass (Weight)

Activity

Activity: Personal Measures

Time and Date

Conversions

How do you change from one measurement to another? If you know how long something is in meters, but need to know feet? Or square inches to square meters? You need to know how to do Conversions!