Country[4] |
Colonial name |
Colonial power[5] |
Independence date[6] |
First head of state |
Independence won through |
Libya |
Italian Libya; Allied Military Administration |
Italy
United Kingdom
France |
December 24, 1951 |
King Idris I |
Western Desert Campaign |
Egypt |
British Egypt |
United Kingdom |
1922/1936/1952[7] |
Sarwat Pasha, Farouk, |
1952 Egyptian revolution[7] |
Sudan |
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan |
United Kingdom[10]
Egypt |
1 January 1956 |
Ismail al-Azhari |
Condominium ended |
Tunisia |
French protectorate of Tunisia |
France |
March 20, 1956 |
Muhammad VIII al-Amin |
- |
Morocco |
Protectorate of Morocco |
France
Spain |
April 7, 1956[11] |
Mohammed V |
Rif War, Ifni War |
Ghana |
Gold Coast |
United Kingdom[12] Britain |
March 6, 1957 |
Kwame Nkrumah |
- |
Guinea |
French Guinea (part of French West Africa) |
France |
October 2, 1958 |
Sékou Touré |
- |
Cameroon |
Cameroun |
France
United Kingdom |
January 1, 1960[13] |
Ahmadou Ahidjo |
UPC rebellion |
Togo |
French Togoland |
France |
April 27, 1960 |
Sylvanus Olympio |
- |
Mali |
French Sudan (part of French West Africa) |
France |
June 20, 1960[14] |
Modibo Keita |
- |
Senegal |
part of French West Africa |
France |
June 20, 1960[14] |
Léopold Senghor |
- |
Madagascar |
Malagasy Protectorate |
France |
June 26, 1960 |
Philibert Tsiranana |
Malagasy Uprising |
Democratic Republic of the Congo |
Belgian Congo |
Belgium |
June 30, 1960 |
Patrice Lumumba |
Congo Crisis |
Somalia[15] |
British Somaliland Italian Somaliland
|
United Kingdom
Italy |
June 26, 1960
July 1, 1960 |
Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal Aden Abdullah Osman Daar
|
-
- |
Benin |
French Dahomey (part of French West Africa) |
France |
August 1, 1960[16] |
Hubert Maga |
- |
Niger |
Colony of Niger (part of French West Africa) |
France |
August 3, 1960 |
Hamani Diori |
- |
Burkina Faso |
French Upper Volta (part of French West Africa) |
France |
August 5, 1960 |
Maurice Yaméogo |
- |
Côte d'Ivoire |
Ivory Coast (part of French West Africa) |
France |
August 7, 1960 |
Félix Houphouët-Boigny |
- |
Chad |
French Chad (part of French Equatorial Africa) |
France |
August 11, 1960 |
François Tombalbaye |
- |
Central African Republic |
Ubangi-Shari (part of French Equatorial Africa) |
France |
August 13, 1960 |
David Dacko |
- |
Republic of the Congo |
French Congo (part of French Equatorial Africa) |
France |
August 15, 1960 |
Fulbert Youlou |
- |
Gabon |
part of French Equatorial Africa |
France |
August 17, 1960 |
Léon M'ba |
Nigeria |
British Nigeria |
United Kingdom |
October 1, 1960 [17] |
Nnamdi Azikiwe |
- |
Mauritania |
part of French West Africa |
France |
November 28, 1960 |
Moktar Ould Daddah |
- |
Sierra Leone |
Sierra Leone |
United Kingdom |
April 27, 1961 |
Milton Margai |
- |
South Africa |
Union of South Africa |
United Kingdom |
1910/1931/1961[18] |
James Barry Munnik Hertzog |
- |
Tanzania[19] |
Tanganyika Zanzibar
|
United Kingdom |
December 9, 1961
December 10, 1963 |
Julius Nyerere Jamshid ibn Abdullah
|
-
- |
Rwanda |
part of Ruanda-Urundi |
Belgium |
July 1, 1962 |
Grégoire Kayibanda |
- [20] |
Burundi |
part of Ruanda-Urundi |
Belgium |
July 1, 1962 |
André Muhirwa |
- |
Algeria |
French Algeria |
France |
July 3, 1962 |
Ahmed Ben Bella |
- |
Uganda |
Uganda Protectorate |
United Kingdom |
October 9, 1962 |
Milton Obote |
- |
Kenya |
Kenya Colony |
United Kingdom |
December 12, 1963 |
Jomo Kenyatta |
Mau Mau Uprising (debated) |
Malawi |
Nyasaland Protectorate |
United Kingdom |
July 6, 1964 |
Hastings Kamuzu Banda |
- |
Zambia |
Northern Rhodesia |
United Kingdom |
October 24, 1964 |
Kenneth Kaunda |
- |
The Gambia |
Gambia |
United Kingdom |
February 18, 1965 |
Dawda Kairaba Jawara |
- |
Botswana |
Bechuanaland Protectorate |
United Kingdom |
September 30, 1966 |
Seretse Khama |
- |
Lesotho |
Basutoland |
United Kingdom |
October 4, 1966 |
Leabua Jonathan |
- |
Namibia |
South West Africa |
South Africa |
October 27, 1966 (De jure)[21]
March 21, 1990 (De facto) |
Sam Nujoma |
Namibian War of Independence |
Mauritius |
|
United Kingdom |
March 12, 1968 |
|
- |
Swaziland |
Swaziland |
United Kingdom |
September 6, 1968 |
Sobhuza II |
- |
Equatorial Guinea |
Spanish Guinea |
Spain |
October 12, 1968 |
Francisco Macías Nguema |
- |
Guinea-Bissau |
Portuguese Guinea |
Portugal |
September 24, 1973 |
Luís Cabral |
Guinea-Bissau War of Independence/Portuguese Colonial War |
Mozambique |
Portuguese East Africa |
Portugal |
June 25, 1975 |
Samora Machel |
Mozambican War of Independence/Portuguese Colonial War |
Cape Verde |
|
Portugal |
July 5, 1975 |
|
influenced by Guinea-Bissau War of Independence |
Comoros |
French Madagascar, French Comoros |
France
Madagascar |
July 6, 1975 |
|
- |
São Tomé and Príncipe |
|
Portugal |
July 12, 1975 |
|
- |
Angola |
Portuguese West Africa |
Portugal |
November 11, 1975 |
Agostinho Neto |
Angolan War of Independence/Portuguese Colonial War |
Seychelles |
|
United Kingdom |
June 29, 1976 |
James Richard Marie Mancham |
- |
Djibouti |
French Somaliland |
France |
June 27, 1977 |
Hassan Gouled Aptidon |
- |
Zimbabwe |
Southern Rhodesia |
United Kingdom |
April 18, 1980[22] |
Canaan Banana |
Lancaster House Agreement |
Sahrawi Republic[24] |
Spanish Sahara; Moroccan Sahara
|
Spain;
Morocco |
February 27, 1976; Independence not effectuated over most of the territory
|
El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed; Mohamed Abdelaziz
|
Western Sahara War; Saharawi
Intifada |
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