AN ONLINE PLATFORM THAT PROVIDES EDUCATIONAL CONTENT,SYLLABUSES, STUDY NOTES/ MATERIALS ,PAST PAPERS, QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR THE STUDENTS,FORM I--VI ,RESITTERS,QT, ADULT LEARNERS, COLLEGE STUDENTS, PUPILS, TEACHERS, PARENTS,TEACHERS OF THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA AND WORLDWIDE.YOU ARE WELCOME TO SHARE YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND IDEAS.ENJOY MASATU BLOG.YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE.YOU CAN ACHIEVE EXCELLENCE. "LEARN.REVISE.DISCUSS".Anytime, Anywhere.
AN ONLINE PLATFORM THAT PROVIDES EDUCATIONAL CONTENT,SYLLABUSES, STUDY NOTES/ MATERIALS ,PAST PAPERS, QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR THE STUDENTS,FORM I--VI ,RESITTERS,QT, ADULT LEARNERS, COLLEGE STUDENTS, PUPILS, TEACHERS, PARENTS,TEACHERS OF THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA AND WORLDWIDE.YOU ARE WELCOME TO SHARE YOUR KNOWLEDGE AND IDEAS.ENJOY MASATU BLOG.YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE.YOU CAN ACHIEVE EXCELLENCE. "LEARN.REVISE.DISCUSS".Anytime, Anywhere.
BONYEZA HAPA CHINI / CLICK HERE BELOW.
Wednesday, October 15, 2014
Q. Anayse four causes and four effects of the second world war {1939—1945}
Q. Among the members of your society, there are some people who do not know their responsibilities. Using the knowledge you have learned inform them the responsibilities of good citizens.
.A good citizen is one who properly fullfills his or her role as a citizen.
A good
citizen is some who respects others and their property.
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He/she listens to the views of others and thinks about what they have to say.
He/she helps people who are not in a position to help themselves.
He/she respects the environment and does not damage it in anyway.
He/she works hard.
He/she is well mannered and pleasant.
He/she is always willing to learn.
The information given below should make you aware of basic responsibilities of a citizen of a country.
Obeying Laws
It is one of the most important responsibilities of a citizen. Laws are made to maintain harmony in the society and to make sure that rights of all the citizens are respected. The police and courts have the authority to penalize those who disobey the laws.
Paying Taxes
Paying taxes in a timely manner is one of the important responsibilities of citizens. It is necessary to pay taxes because money collected in the form of taxes is used for building and maintaining roads, schools, fire protection, etc. The different forms of taxes paid by citizens include the income tax, excise tax, property tax, sales tax, social security tax, etc. The federal taxes are used to fund the payments of federal judges, doctors, national park rangers, FBI agents, etc.
To Serve as a Juror
It is a right of a citizen in America, which gives him/her the privilege to serve as a juror. The 12 members of the jury need to hear the evidence presented during a trial and decide whether the defendant is guilty or not. Selection of the jury is made from a list of registered voters in a random manner. Unless the person in question provides a valid reason for not being available to serve as a jury, he/she can't turn away from this responsibility.
Registering for the Draft
It is a mandatory thing and the citizens who turn 18 years old have to register for the Selective Service. Currently, women are exempted from registering for the draft, hence, it is applicable only to men. A person who has registered for the Selective Service does not necessarily become a part of the army. If the government needs a larger armed force during the times of crisis, the Selective Service chooses from those who have registered.
Participating in the democratic Process
A citizen of a country is expected to participate in its democratic process. It helps strengthen the country as a whole when people actively participate in the proper functioning of democracy.
Staying Informed
A citizen should stay informed about what is happening around him/her. He/she should be aware of the issues faced by the people and society as a whole.
Additional Responsibilities of a Citizen
Other than the above mentioned responsibilities, citizens of a democratic country have to shoulder many other responsibilities voluntarily. In a democratic country, citizens are expected to participate actively in the regulation of the government. Constant support of the people and vigilance is needed for a democracy to function effectively. It is not enough to just vote and remain passive till the next presidential elections. Citizens need to give time and attention to see whether the government is functioning properly or not. They can also voice their opinions against the government and carry out demonstrations in a peaceful manner. People have the right to join political parties and campaign for them. Along with the aforementioned points, there are few more, which a responsible citizen should consider.
A responsible citizen is expected to defend the Constitution adopted by that country.
In times of crisis, citizens are expected to voluntarily take up the responsibility of defending their country.
It is important that a responsible citizen keeps himself informed of the governmental policies and functioning. One should at least have a basic understanding of the critical issues faced by the nation.
In Britain, it is expected that an adult must take care of and provide education to children below 16 years of age. Reporting to the police if need be is one of the responsibilities of British citizens.
In China, citizens are expected to obey the constitution, take efforts to maintain the integrity of the country, pay taxes and be ready to defend the country.
A citizen of Canada is expected to respect the nation's 2 official languages, English and French. Working hard in order to take the family's responsibility is one of the responsibilities of citizens in Canada. Protecting the environment and cultural heritage of the country is also one of the responsibilities of Canadian citizens.
The fundamental responsibilities or duties of citizens in different countries across the globe more or less remain the same. It is important that citizens perform their duties for the government to function properly. It is the collective responsibility of all citizens of a country to ensure smooth functioning of the government. Only the active participation of citizens allows to have an 'Active Democracy'. It would be brave to say that politicians are the reflection of the society they represent. However, the following quote by Thomas Jefferson suggests that it cannot be completely untrue. "The government you elect is government you deserve."
Q.Explain the different steps to be followed in the whole process of problem solving .
Problem solving is the mental process you follow when you have a goal but can’t immediately understand how to achieve it. It’s a process that depends on you – how you perceive a problem, what you know about it, and the end-state you want to reach.
Solving a problem involves a number of cognitive activities:
- ascertaining what the problem really is
- identifying the true causes of your problem and the opportunities for reaching your goal
- generating creative solutions to the problem
- evaluating and choosing the best solution, and
- implementing the best solution, then monitoring your actions and their results to ensure the problem is solved successfully
The six steps of problem solving
Problems vary widely, and so do their solutions. Sometimes a problem and its solution are clear, but you don’t know how to get from point A to point B. At other times, you may find it hard to define what’s wrong or how to fix it. Regardless of what a problem is, you can use a six-step problem-solving model to address it. This model is highly flexible and can be adapted to suit various types of problems. It also comes with a flexible set of tools to use at each step. The model is designed to be followed one step at a time, but you may find that some stages don’t require as much attention as others. This will depend on your unique situation.The steps in the problem-solving model are as follows:
- Define the problem – Defining the problem is a crucial step that involves digging deeper to identify what it is that needs to be solved. The more clearly a problem is defined, the easier you’ll find it to complete subsequent steps. A symptom is a phenomenon or circumstance that results from a deeper, underlying condition. It’s common to mistake symptoms for problems themselves – and so to waste a lot of time and effort on tackling consequences of problems instead of their causes. To define a problem, you can use gap analysis, which involves comparing your current state to the future state you want to be in, to identify the gaps between them.
- Analyze the problem – You decide what type of problem it is – whether there’s a clear barrier or circumstance you need to overcome, or whether you need to determine how to reach a goal. You then dig to the root causes of the problem, and detail the nature of the gap between where you are and where you want to be. The five-why analysis is a tool that’ll help you get to the heart of the problem. Ask “Why?” a number of times to dig through each layer of symptoms and so to arrive at the problem’s root cause. You can get to the root of a more complicated problem using a cause-and-effect diagram. A cause is something that produces an effect, result, or consequence – or what contributed to the current state of affairs. Categories of causes include people, time, and the environment.
- Identify as many potential solutions as you can – Brainstorm creatively – ask lots of questions about the who, what, where, when, and how of the causes to point to various possibilities. Don’t limit yourself by considering practicalities at this stage; simply record your ideas.
- Choose the best solution – In evaluating your ideas, more options could present themselves. You could do this by rating each possible solution you came up with in step 3 according to criteria such as how effective it will be, how much time or effort it will take, its cost, and how likely it is to satisfy stakeholders.
- Plan of action – During this step, you determine what steps must be taken, designating tasks where necessary. And you decide on deadlines for completing the actions and estimate the costs of implementing them. You also create a contingency plan in case of unforeseen circumstances so that if anything goes wrong with your plan, you have a “plan B” in place. Typically, this stage involves narrowing down the possible ways to implement the solution you’ve chosen, based on any constraints that apply. You also should draw up an action plan. The complexity of the plan will depend on the situation, but it should include the who, what, and when of your proposed solution.
- Implement the solution – This is an ongoing process. You need to ensure the required resources remain available and monitor progress in solving the problem; otherwise, all the work you’ve done might be for nothing.
The six-step problem-solving model, and the tools it provides, is an effective, systematic approach to problem solving. By following each step consciously, you can ensure that generating solutions is a fact-driven, objective, and reliable process. It encourages you to dig deeper to the root cause, allows you to get input from others, to be creative when finding solutions, and to monitor your solutions to make sure they’re working. So by following this model you’re more likely to come up with good, original, lasting solutions.
To solve problems effectively, you need to use a good problem-solving model. The six-step model is a tried-and-tested approach. Its steps include defining a problem, analyzing the problem, identifying possible solutions, choosing the best solution, planning your course of action, and finally implementing the solution while monitoring its effectiveness.